An insurance company could commit fraud by failing to apply discounts it negotiated with which entities?

In the context of insurance companies and potential fraudulent activities, failing to apply discounts negotiated with consumers is a clear example of fraud. This situation can occur when an insurance company has secured discounts for customers but does not honor or apply these discounts when calculating premiums or claims. By not applying the negotiated discounts, the company effectively charges consumers more than what they should be paying, which can be perceived as deceptive and is a violation of trust. Such practices not only impact individual customers financially but can also undermine the integrity of the insurance industry as a whole.

The other entities listed—investors, medical providers, and shareholders—are less directly related to consumer discounts. While issues with these parties can certainly involve various forms of malpractice or unethical behavior, the act of failing to apply consumer discounts is specifically linked to the relationship between the insurance company and its customers. Therefore, the selected answer is the most relevant in illustrating a direct form of fraud that impacts consumers.